Hoggar Mountain Spirits (Kel Ahaggar)
Among the Kel Ahaggar, a Tuareg people of the Hoggar massif in southern Algeria, the desert and mountains are held to be inhabited by invisible spirits of the wild, known as essuf or kel essuf. These beings demand respect and are linked with solitude, healing rites, and the liminal spaces of the empty land. The invented specifics (crystal-horned rams, a rain-spirit of Mount Tahat) are removed.