Krampus
Alpine Christmas Demon from Germanic/Austrian origins (not originally Croatian). 'Krampus' from Old High German 'krampen' = 'claw.' Pre-Christian origin: ancient Pagan winter solstice wild spirit. Rode with Berchta (White Lady) during Rauhnächte (12 mystical nights Dec 25-Jan 6). Christianization: became companion to St. Nicholas, his 'punisher.' Dec 5 = Krampusnacht (Krampus Night). Nicholas Day. 1920s banned by Catholic Church + some political parties. Returns 1960s as 'kitschy folklore,' now massively popular. 50,000+ at Austrian festivals. Chains = Symbol of subjugation to Christian order.