Pepo (Sea Spirits)
Pepo are powerful sea spirits that inhabit the waters around Zanzibar and the entire Swahili coast. According to tradition, the Pepo were the original inhabitants of the coast before humans arrived. These invisible beings can influence human destiny -- bringing good fortune, madness, or illness as they choose. Pepo can possess humans, causing trance states requiring elaborate exorcism ceremonies (kipemba) with specific drum rhythms, incense, and offerings. Each Pepo has a name, personality, and favorite color. The most powerful Pepo are spirits of ancient sultans and warriors who died at sea.