The Epic of Jangar
Jangar is a heroic epic of the Oirat Mongols (Kalmyks), comprising hundreds of thousands of lines. The epic describes the ideal kingdom of Bumba, ruled by the heroic Jangar and his twelve brave warriors (including the invincible Hongor, the swift Sabar, and the strong Mingyan). The heroes protect Bumba from monstrous invaders, capture magical horses and beautiful maidens, and embody the highest ideals of Mongol warrior culture — loyalty, courage, and hospitality. The epic is traditionally sung with tovshuur (lute) accompaniment during celebrations. The kingdom of Bumba represents a paradise on